目的 探讨血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)对甲状腺机能亢进症(简称甲亢)患者131Ⅰ治疗后的疗效预测及变化情况.方法 甲亢患者289例,依照血清TGAb和TPOAb水平分为阳性组167例(TGAb>115 IU/ml,TPOAb>34 IU/ml),阴性组122例(TGAb 115 IU/ml, TPOAb >34 IU/ml) and the negative group (122 patients, TGAb < 115 IU/ml,TPOAb <34 IU/ml) according to TGAb and TPOAb lev-els before radioiodine-131 treatment. The levels of TGAb and TPOAb in serum were measured before raitioidine-131 therapy,the levels of FT3, FT4 and sTSH in serum at the 3rd, 6th, 12th month after radioidine-131 treatment were also measured. Re-sults 24.0% (40/167) patients in the positive group and 15.6% (19/122) patients in the negative group suffered from early hypothyroidism (P<0.05; χ=26.3). Conclusion The probability of early hypothyroidism was related to the levels of TGAb and TPOAb before radioiodine-131 treatment. These results suggest that the measurement of the the levels of TGAb and TPOAb could help to design radioiodine-131 dose necessarily.