实验设计的过程是学生综合运用已学知识进行探索、研究、分析、对比、筛选的思维创新过程,即知识提升为能力的过程,故属于一种较高层次的能力考查。它分为实验原理设计和实验操作程序设计。最优方案的设计应遵循实验方案评价的基本原则。方案一旦确定之后,为确保实验目的的实现,就应设计出简捷、正确的操作程序。实验方案的评价包括原理评价和装置评价两类。实验方案的评价应遵循以下原则:能否达到实验目的;所用原料是否常见、易得、廉价、合乎要求;原料的利用率高低;过程是否简捷优化;装置是否完美合理; The process of experimental design is a process of thinking innovation that is explored, researched, analyzed, compared and filtered by students using the knowledge they have learned, that is, the process of promoting knowledge to ability. Therefore, it belongs to a higher level of ability test. It is divided into experimental principle design and experimental procedure design. The optimal design of the program should follow the basic principles of experimental program evaluation. Once the plan is finalized, in order to ensure the realization of the purpose of the experiment, a simple and correct operating procedure should be devised. The evaluation of the experimental program includes two types of principle evaluation and device evaluation. The evaluation of the experimental program should follow the following principles: whether the purpose of the experiment can be achieved; whether the raw materials used are common, readily available, cheap, in line with the requirements; the utilization rate of raw materials; whether the process is simple and optimized; whether the device is perfect and reasonable;