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光遗传学技术因其低组织损伤性、高时空分辨率以及遗传特异性等优势,虽然历史并不长,但却在近几年来成为最热门的技术之一,并在神经科学研究中迅速被应用。视紫红质通道蛋白2(channelrhodopsin-2,Ch R2)作为光遗传学技术的代表性蛋白质之一,在系统神经科学领域中已成为非常理想的工具并取得了一系列突破性的进展。现针对Ch R2的背景、分子结构以及生理学功能,及其在体脑功能区绘图和在体神经功能调控的研究进展,进行综述及展望。
Although its history is not long, its advantages in low tissue damage, high spatial and temporal resolution, and genetic specificity have become one of the most popular techniques in recent years and are rapidly being used in neuroscience research application. As one of the representative proteins in optogenetic technology, channel rhodopsin-2 (ChR2) has become a very ideal tool in the field of system neuroscience and has made a series of breakthroughs. The background, molecular structure and physiological functions of Ch R2 and its research progress in the mapping of functional regions of the brain and the functional regulation of somatic nerves are reviewed and summarized.