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宪法上所确认的社会保障权,要求国家在公民因突发事件的打击而陷入困顿时承担主要救助义务,以维持其相当水准的生活。我国目前以自然灾害赈济为中心的应急救助体系存在规范残缺、范围狭小、主体缺位、标准偏低等明显不足,亟待完善。而构建国家应急救助制度的重点,在救助依据的确立、救助主体的确定、救助对象的界定、救助程序的设计、救助标准的衡量和救助资金的筹集等方面。
The constitutionally recognized right to social security requires that the state should assume the primary aid obligation when citizens are trapped by the blows of an emergency so as to maintain their standard of living. At present, China’s emergency relief system centered on relief from natural disasters has obvious deficiencies, such as incomplete specifications, narrow scope, lack of main body and low standards, which are in urgent need of improvement. However, the focus of building the national emergency aid system lies in the establishment of the rescue basis, the determination of the rescue subject, the definition of the rescue target, the design of the rescue procedure, the measurement of the rescue standard and the collection of the rescue fund.