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以国内外114个水稻基因型的大田试验,研究了0、低、中、高4种氮素水平条件下粒重的变化规律,探讨了水稻粒重对氮素反应的基因型差异及其类型。结果表明:(1)早、中、晚稻在4种氮素水平下粒重均存在极显著的基因型差异。在不施氮条件下,早、中、晚稻平均粒重分别为23.95g、25.34g和25.37g,基因型间的变异系数分别为5.57、13.75和8.99。在150kg/hm2施氮水平下,早、中、晚稻平均粒重分别为23.47g、24.28g和23.42g,基因型间的变异系数分别为4.54%、13.24%和9.96%。在225kg/hm2施氮水平下,早、中、晚稻平均千粒重分别为23.24g、23.44g和23.05g,基因型间的变异系数分别为4.31%、13.04%和10.55%。在300kg/hm2施氮水平下,早、中、晚稻平均千粒重分别为23.21g、23.20g和22.75g,基因型间的变异系数分别为4.29%、13.67%和9.82%。(2)粒重对氮素的反应存在显著的基因型差异。同一水稻基因型在4种氮素水平下千粒重的极差最大可达6.67g,最小仅为0.16g;变异系数最大可达12.74%,最小仅为0.35%。(3)可将粒重随氮素水平的变化趋势分为开口向下抛物线型、开口向上抛物线型、直线下降型和跳跃型4种;根据粒重在不同氮素水平下的极差和变异系数,可将水稻粒重对氮素的反应分为极钝感型、钝感型、中间型、敏感型和极敏感型5种。
The field experiment of 114 rice genotypes at home and abroad was conducted to study the variation of grain weight under four nitrogen levels of 0, low, medium and high, and the differences of genotypes and their types . The results showed that: (1) The grain weight of early, middle and late rice under four nitrogen levels showed extremely significant genotypic differences. Under no nitrogen application, the average grain weight of early, middle and late rice was 23.95g, 25.34g and 25.37g respectively, and the coefficient of variation among genotypes were 5.57, 13.75 and 8.99 respectively. The average grain weight of early, middle and late rice were 23.47g, 24.28g and 23.42g under the nitrogen application rate of 150kg / hm2, respectively. The coefficient of variation among the genotypes was 4.54%, 13.24% and 9.96%, respectively. Under the nitrogen application rate of 225kg / hm2, the average thousand-grain weight of early, middle and late rice were 23.24g, 23.44g and 23.05g respectively, and the coefficient of variation among the genotypes were 4.31%, 13.04% and 10.55%, respectively. Under the nitrogen application rate of 300kg / hm2, the average thousand-kernel weight of early, middle and late rice were 23.21g, 23.20g and 22.75g respectively, the coefficient of variation among the genotypes were 4.29%, 13.67% and 9.82% respectively. (2) There was a significant genotype difference in the response of grain weight to nitrogen. The maximum difference of 1000-grain weight under the four nitrogen levels in the same rice genotype was up to 6.67g with a minimum of 0.16g. The maximum coefficient of variation was 12.74% and the minimum was only 0.35%. (3) Grain weight can be divided into four types: paraboloid with parabola, parabola with parabola, paragon with straight line and hopping with hopping. According to the variation of grain weight under different nitrogen levels, Coefficient, the response of grain weight to nitrogen can be divided into extremely obscure, obscure, intermediate, sensitive and extremely sensitive 5 species.