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天敌是影响害虫种群动态的重要因素。一般认为天敌对害虫作用的方式,主要是通过直接的捕食或寄生。事实上,天敌还可以通过捕食或寄生过程中产生的“威吓”等非直接致死效应(Non-lethal effects)或胁迫作用(Stress),影响着害虫的生长发育、繁殖。有时这种天敌存在的非直接致死效应对害虫产生的负面影响甚至比天敌对害虫的直接捕食作用还强。显然,评价天敌作用时,除了计算天敌对害虫的直接捕食或寄生的效率,还应考虑天敌存在时对害虫的非直接致死效应。本文基于作者及前人的研究,分别论述了捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌对害虫的非直接致死效应,解析了环境变化对天敌非直接致死效应的影响,探讨了这种非直接致死效应的可能机制,提出了未来的研究发展方向。
Natural enemies affect pest population dynamics. It is generally considered that the way predators act on pests is mainly through direct predation or parasitism. In fact, natural enemies can also affect the growth and reproduction of pests through non-lethal effects or stress such as “intimidation” that occur during the process of prey or parasitization. Sometimes the indirect effects of this natural enemy have negative effects on pests even more than predators. Obviously, in evaluating the effect of natural enemies, in addition to calculating the efficiency of predation or parasitism of natural enemies on pests, indirect lethal effects on pests in the presence of natural enemies should also be considered. Based on the research of the authors and their predecessors, this paper discusses the indirect lethal effects of predatory and parasitic natural enemies on pests and analyzes the effects of environmental changes on the non-direct lethal effects of natural enemies. The possible indirect lethal effects Mechanism, put forward the direction of future research and development.