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1 问题的提出 S195柴油机曲轴与轴瓦的常见故障是曲轴的主、连杆轴颈磨损或有刮痕,主、连杆轴瓦的合金磨损及烧坏等。严重故障有曲轴折断,并由此造成连杆折断、活塞穿出缸套、机体碎裂等。主轴颈和连杆轴颈磨损一般呈椭圆形和锥状,这是曲轴连杆机构在不同的工作位置时因各部分承受的压力不同所致。而主、连杆轴瓦系由软质合金制成,故其磨损比轴颈快得多。造成上述故障的原因主要有曲轴与轴瓦材质、柴油机装配质量、运转润滑情况。在装配质量中,轴颈与轴瓦的匹配是最主要的。轴颈与轴瓦间隙过大或过小都要引起润滑不良,并导致磨损剧增和轴瓦合金剥离或熔化。由于轴
1 The question put forward S195 diesel engine crankshaft and bearing common fault is the crankshaft, connecting rod bearing wear or scratches, the main, connecting rod bearing alloy wear and tear and so on. Serious fault crankshaft break, and thus resulting in broken connecting rod, piston piercing cylinder, the body fragmentation. The main journal and connecting rod journal wear generally oval and tapered, which is due to different parts of the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism in different working position due to the pressure. The main, connecting rod bearing system made of soft alloy, so its wear and tear than the journal much faster. The main reasons for the above-mentioned failures are the material of the crankshaft and the bearing bush, the quality of the diesel engine assembly and the operation and lubrication. In the assembly quality, the journal and bush matching is the most important. Jaw and bearing clearance is too large or too small to cause poor lubrication, and lead to dramatic increases in wear and bearing alloy stripping or melting. Due to the shaft