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[目的]调查某海岛人群在特殊作业环境下疾病发病情况,并分析其关危险因素。[方法]采用问卷进行流行病现况调查,描述、分析主要疾病的率、率比及危险因素。[结果]普通感冒(55.0%)、关节炎(38.1%)、咽喉炎(27.8%)位居发病率前3位。与陆地同质性人群相比,有10种疾病高发。其中,痔疮(RR:26.4,χ2=9.76,P=0.002)、关节炎(RR:23.8,χ2=36.01,P=0.000)及胃溃疡(RR:11.2,χ2=8.15,P=0.004)等疾病存在人群差异具有统计学意义。以职业危害较大的关节炎为例进行危险因素的Logistic分析,显示环境暴露时间及工作强度是关节炎的危险因素。[结论]该环境下人群发病率高于陆地对照人群,应重点加强相关卫生保障工作。
[Objective] To investigate the disease incidence of an island population under special operating environment and analyze the related risk factors. [Methods] A questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of epidemics, describing and analyzing the rates, rates and risk factors of major diseases. [Results] The common cold (55.0%), arthritis (38.1%) and pharyngitis (27.8%) were the top three in the incidence rate. Compared with the homogenous population of land, there are 10 kinds of diseases. Among them, hemorrhoids (RR: 26.4, χ2 = 9.76, P = 0.002), arthritis (RR: 23.8, χ2 = 36.01, P = 0.000) and gastric ulcer (RR: 11.2, χ2 = 8.15, P = 0.004) The existence of population differences was statistically significant. Logistic analysis of risk factors in the case of occupationally hazardous arthritis showed that the time of exposure to the environment and the intensity of work were the risk factors of arthritis. [Conclusion] The population incidence rate in this environment is higher than that of land-based control population, and the related health care should be emphasized.