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室内模拟降雨实验是进行生产建设项目人为弃土水土流失特征研究的重要方法。为了使实验下垫面设计更加科学合理,实验结果应用范围更加广泛,通过对陕西关中平原区和秦巴山区各类生产建设项目弃土堆置体的实地调查,结合室内实验,运用经典统计学有关原理对堆置体的坡度、坡长、坡面物质组成进行统计分析。结果表明:秦巴山区生产建设项目弃土堆置体在不同坡面位置上,块石和土壤结构体的含量均明显大于关中平原区;两研究区内细粒土含量极少且均未超过2%;块石和土壤结构体重力分选作用明显,D<10mm的坡面物质在不同坡位的含量数据变化较小且无明显规律;因此在室内进行下垫面仿真设计时,对D<10mm的坡面组成物质可不考虑坡面位置的差异性。两研究区内弃土堆置体坡度多集中在26°～35°之间,贡献率分别为90.2%和88.8%;弃土堆置体坡长多集中在2～8m之间,贡献率分别为100.0%和79.4%。因此,在室内进行下垫面仿真设计时应重点对上述坡度、坡长范围进行实验测试。
Indoor simulated rainfall experiment is an important method to study the characteristics of man-made soil erosion in production and construction projects. In order to make the design of experimental underlying surface more scientific and reasonable, the application of experimental results is more extensive. Based on the field investigation of spoil stacks of various production and construction projects in Guanzhong Plain and Qinba Mountains in Shaanxi Province, combined with laboratory experiments and classical statistics The principle of pile body slope, slope length, slope material composition statistical analysis. The results show that the contents of rock mass and soil structure in the construction site of Qinba Mountains mountainous area are obviously larger than that of the Guanzhong Plain. The contents of fine-grained soil in the two research areas are very few and all of them do not exceed 2 %. The grading effect of rock mass and soil structure is obvious. The content data of slope material with D <10mm varies little and has no obvious regularity at different slope positions. Therefore, in the indoor simulation design of underlying surface, 10mm slope composition of material can not consider the difference of slope position. The slope of the spoil heap in the two study areas mostly concentrated in the range of 26 ° -35 ° with the contribution rates of 90.2% and 88.8%, respectively. 100.0% and 79.4%. Therefore, in the indoor simulation design of the underlying surface should focus on the above slope, slope range of experimental testing.