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本文从现代史学与时局变动之间的互动为焦点,探讨钱穆《国史大纲》所反映的历史思想,并与德意志历史主义的内涵作了一些比较。中国现代的科学史学,在1920年代形成,并以考核史料为重点。但自1930年代开始,由于日本的侵华行径,造成民族危机的深化。这一危机引起了史学重心的转移,注重开发中国文化的优良传统,并以长程的眼光加以阐述。钱穆的《国史大纲》便是一个显例。钱穆对中国历史的描述和概括,与德意志历史主义的特点,有不少暗合之处。两者都体现了民族主义史学的鲜明特征。
This article focuses on the interaction between the changes of modern history and the current situation, discusses the historical thoughts reflected in Qian Mu’s “Outline of National History”, and makes some comparisons with the connotation of German historicism. The modern Chinese history of science was formed in the 1920s and focused on the examination of historical materials. However, since the 1930s, due to Japan’s invasion of China, the national crisis has deepened. The crisis has caused a shift in the focus of historiography, focusing on the fine tradition of developing Chinese culture and expounding it in a long-term perspective. Qian Mu’s “Outline of National History” is an obvious example. Qian Mu’s description and generalization of Chinese history have many inconsistencies with the characteristics of German historicism. Both reflect the distinct characteristics of nationalist historiography.