现代结核病学家经常要对肺癌与肺结核及其他肺部疾病进行鉴别诊断。据报道防痨机构中恶性肿瘤的延误诊断率高达23～43％。说明医师对癌的警惕性还不够高。本文目的在于提醒医师们明确要“警惕肿瘤”。在大结核病院中具有早期确诊和手术治疗的条件,因而医师的工作特别重要。 Modern TB doctors often have to differentiate between lung cancer and tuberculosis and other lung diseases. It is reported that the delay diagnosis rate of malignant tumors in anti-tuberculosis institutions as high as 23 to 43%. That doctors vigilance of cancer is not high enough. The purpose of this article is to remind physicians to explicitly “alert the tumor.” The condition of early diagnosis and surgical treatment in a large tuberculosis hospital is particularly important for physicians.