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目前,在地应力测量和应用中,人们常常用近于水平的两个主应力或其在水平面上的投影来代替或估计最大和最小水平应力,这在一般情况下误差不大,但是当应力结构比较特殊时这种代替或近似将带来较大的误差,甚至给工程实践带来危害。以投影近似为例按3种三维应力状态分别讨论了方位误差随应力形因子R与主应力轴倾角的变化和量值误差随R、主应力轴倾角和最大、最小主应力量值之差的变化。并用原地应力测量资料求得了方位和量值误差。理论分析和实例都证明了用近于水平的两个主应力的投影代替两个水平应力的误差可能很大。建议在研究与水平应力相关的问题或与水平方向相关的物理参量时采用本文的计算方法求出准确值。
At present, in the field of stress measurement and application, one often replaces or estimates the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses with near-horizontal two principal stresses or their projections on the horizontal plane. This error is generally not large, but when stress When the structure is rather special, this kind of substitution or approximation will bring greater error and even bring harm to engineering practice. Taking the projection approximation as an example, the variation of the azimuth error with the stress form factor R and the principal stress axis and the difference between the magnitude error and the magnitude of R, the principal stress axis and the maximum and minimum principal stress are discussed in terms of three kinds of three-dimensional stress states. Variety. And with the in situ stress measurement data obtained azimuth and magnitude error. Both theoretical analysis and practical examples show that the error of replacing two horizontal stresses with projections of two near-horizontal principal stresses can be very large. It is suggested to use the calculation method in this paper to get the accurate value when studying the problems related to horizontal stress or the physical parameters related to the horizontal direction.