一、对苏贸易顺差严重阻碍了双方贸易的发展中苏贸易关系在经历了50年代的大发展,60年的急剧暴跌和70年代的缓慢回升之后,一跃进入了80年代的迅速恢复与发展时期。1989年中苏贸易总额已超过了52亿瑞士法郎,约占我国当年对外贸易总额的8％,从而成为我国第五大贸易伙伴。在中苏经贸大发展的同时,也存在着一些问题。主要是苏联政府采取了限制原材料出口、对大部分出口产品实行出口许可证及配额管理等措施,给我方造成了商品补偿上的困难,出现了洽谈多、签约少;出口多、进口少的情况,从而形成了目前对苏经贸巨额顺差和回货难的局面。1989年仅黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、内蒙、新疆五省区的贸易顺差就达1.5亿瑞士法郎。 1. The trade surplus with the Soviet Union seriously hampered the development of trade between the two sides. The Sino-Soviet trade relations experienced rapid development in the 1950s, followed by a sharp decline in 60 years and a slow recovery in the 1970s. They then leapt into the rapid recovery and development of the 1980s. period. In 1989, the total trade volume between China and the Soviet Union exceeded 5.2 billion Swiss francs, which accounted for approximately 8% of China’s total foreign trade in that year, and thus became China’s fifth largest trading partner. At the same time as the development of Sino-Soviet trade, there are also some problems. Mainly the Soviet government adopted measures such as restricting the export of raw materials, applying export licenses and quota management to most of the exported products, which caused us difficulties in the compensation of goods, resulting in more negotiation and less contracting; more exports and less imports. The situation has thus created a situation in which the current trade surplus with Jiangsu and the return of goods are difficult. In 1989 alone, the trade surpluses in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang provinces reached 150 million Swiss francs.