新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)是早产儿中发病率高、预后差、死亡率高的严重肠道疾病;目前,本病的发病机制尚未明确,缺乏有效的治疗方法。近十几年,大量试验显示,口服益生菌能有效预防早产儿NEC,但其作用机制尚未完全明确,且在益生菌种类选择、给药方式(单药、联合给药)、疗效、安全性等方面,仍存在一些问题。因此,本文就上述问题进行综述。 Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious enteropathy in premature infants with high incidence, poor prognosis and high mortality rate. At present, the pathogenesis of this disease is not clear and there is no effective treatment. In recent decades, a large number of experiments show that oral probiotics can effectively prevent preterm children with NEC, but its mechanism of action is not yet completely clear, and in the probiotic species selection, mode of administration (single, combined), efficacy, safety And so on, there are still some problems. Therefore, this article reviews the above issues.