孔子说过“狂者进取,狷者有所不为”。这是把道德划分为不同的类型。在现代,有人认为,人才之德有进取型的,有协调型的。前者尤其值得重视。1979年诺贝尔物理奖获得者温伯格有一段答记者问,对理解“进取型道德”很有启发。记者问:“你觉得哪些是科学家必须具备的素质?”温伯格说:“这个问题同样因人而异。不同的人可以按不同的途径达到很高的成就.很重要的一个素质是‘进攻性’,不是人与人关系中的‘进攻性’,而是对自然的‘进攻性’,不要安于接受书本上给你的答案,要去尝试下一步,尝试发现有什么与书本不同的东西。这种素质可能比智力更重要,往往是区别最好的学生和次好的学生的标准。”中学的基础教育,当然不是培养科学家的教育,但我们同样必须以培养“最好的学生”为标的。我们所谓的“充分启发学生的主体意识”,其基本的涵义就是:帮助学生在语文学习中确立主人公意识,不满足于教师所给的现成的答案,大胆地质疑和尝试,充满信心地主动到知识领域中去探求。根本的目的,也就是为了使学生在学习的起步阶段,就生出“进攻性素质”的萌芽。长期来,我们的语文教学处于超负重运行的低效状态,与学生学语文缺乏主动性密切有关。上海S版高中语文教材试教的同志们,正努力在这一方面作有益的尝试。他们认真研究学生的学习心理,凭借新教材所提供的优势,试着运用一些新的教学方法去激发学生的主动进攻精神。他们的试验刚刚起步,我们先睹为快,发表这一组文章,以期引起全国中学语文教育界的重视和讨论。 Confucius said that “mad people are aggressive and others are not.” This is the division of morality into different types. In modern times, some people think that the morality of talents is aggressive and coordinated. The former is particularly worthy of attention. The 1979 Nobel Prize-winning physicist Weinberger responded to a reporter’s question and was inspired by the understanding of “enterprising morality.” The reporter asked: “What do you think are the qualities that scientists must have?” Weinberg said: “This issue is also different from person to person. Different people can achieve very high achievements in different ways. One important quality is ’ Offensive ’is not an ’offensive’ in the relationship between people, but an ’offensive’ nature, don’t be content with accepting the answer given in the book, try the next step, try to find out what is different from the book This kind of quality may be more important than intelligence, and it is often the standard that distinguishes the best students from the next best students.” Basic education in middle school is certainly not to educate scientists, but we must also cultivate “the best Students are the target. The basic meaning of what we call “full enlightenment of students’ subjective awareness” is to help students establish their sense of protagonist in language learning. They are not satisfied with the ready answers given by teachers, boldly question and try, and take the initiative to go Explore in the field of knowledge. The fundamental purpose, that is, to make students in the initial stage of learning, is to produce the germination of ”offensive qualities." In the long run, our language teaching is in an inefficient state of over-loading and is closely related to the lack of initiative in students’ language learning. The comrades of the Shanghai S version high school Chinese textbooks are trying to make a useful attempt in this regard. They carefully study the student’s learning psychology, and rely on the advantages provided by the new textbooks, try to use some new teaching methods to stimulate students’ initiative offensive spirit. Their experiments have only just begun. Let’s start with a quick review of this group of articles in order to arouse the attention and discussion of the Chinese language education community in the country.