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哺乳动物精子获能是精卵成功结合的前提。精子获能时,胞内环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸尿苷(cGMP)浓度显著升高,调节精子活力及顶体反应。精子中cAMP作用于cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶(cAMP dependent protein kinase,PKA),通过蛋白质磷酸化作用传递信息;cGMP与cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶(cGMP dependent protein kinase,PKG)、环核苷酸门控离子通道(cyclicnucleotide gated ion channel,CNG)、磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesteras,PDEs)等蛋白结合,调控信号通路;Ca2+、HCO3-等离子通道同样与精子获能关系密切。
Mammal sperm capacitation is the prerequisite for the successful combination of sperm eggs. Sperm capacitation, the intracellular cAMP, cGMP concentration was significantly increased, regulating sperm motility and acrosome reaction. Spermatozoa cAMP acts on cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and transmits information through protein phosphorylation. CGMP and cGMP dependent protein kinase (PKG), cyclic nucleotide gated ion (CNG), phosphodiesterase (PDEs) and other proteins to regulate signal pathways; Ca2 +, HCO3- and plasma channels are also closely related to sperm capacitation.