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在渭北高原以苹果树长放修剪为对照,监测盛果末期苹果树更新修剪对果园0～500cm土层土壤水分及树体生长状况的影响。结果表明:更新修剪的果园0～240cm土层土壤水分极显著高于长放修剪,240cm土层以下土壤水分与长放修剪无显著差异;更新修剪的果园土壤水分蒸散高峰较高且延迟30d左右,但生长期的平均蒸散强度与长放修剪无显著差异;更新修剪的苹果树翌年新梢总数显著减少,短枝、叶丛枝比例显著降低,中枝、长枝比例显著增加,单果质量、果实产量、经济产值和水分产出率显著提高,但耗水量与长放修剪无显著差异。综上可见,更新修剪改良了果园的土壤水分状况,促进了树体生长,是渭北高原盛果末期苹果树的适宜修剪方法。
In Weibei Plateau, long-term pruning of apple trees was used as control to monitor the effect of pruning of apple trees in late stage of fruiting period on soil moisture and tree growth in 0-500cm soil layers. The results showed that the soil moisture in 0-240cm soil layer of newly pruned orchard was significantly higher than that of long-pruned pruning, but there was no significant difference between soil moisture and long-pruning under 240cm soil layer. The fresh-pruned orchard had higher soil moisture evapotranspiration with a delay of about 30 days , But the average evapotranspiration in growth period had no significant difference with long-cut pruning. The total number of new shoots in the following pruning apple trees decreased significantly, the proportion of short branches and leaves was significantly decreased, the proportion of middle branches and long branches increased significantly, Fruit yield, economic output value and water yield significantly increased, but the water consumption and long-term pruning no significant difference. In conclusion, the updated pruning improved the soil moisture status of orchards and promoted the growth of the tree body. It is a suitable pruning method for apple trees in the end of the Weinbei Plateau.