1992年是俄罗斯社会经济转轨全面开展的第一年,其国民经济陷入更为深重的危机之中。国民收入在1991年已下降11％的基础上,1992年估计进一步下降20％以上。年通货膨胀率高达2000％以上,物价平均上涨了27倍,职工工资只提高了12倍,卢布与美元的比值由年初的50:1降到年末的600:1,失业人数达600多万。如果说经济急剧滑坡是原苏联东欧各国社会经济转轨初期普遍的现象,那么除了处于战乱的国家之外,俄罗斯经济滑坡的速度最快。例如,匈牙利社会经济转轨初期的1990年和1991年,国民生产总值分别下降了3.3％和9.7％,波兰相应为11.6％和9.2％,捷克斯洛伐克相应为0.4％和 The year 1992 was the first year that Russia’s social and economic transition was in full swing. Its national economy was plunged into a deeper crisis. On the basis that the national income has dropped by 11% in 1991, it is estimated at a further drop of over 20% in 1992. The annual inflation rate was as high as over 2000%. Prices rose an average of 27 times. Workers’ wages only increased 12 times. The ratio of rubles to the U.S. dollar dropped from 50: 1 at the beginning of the year to 600: 1 at the end of the year, and the number of unemployed people reached more than 6 million. If the sharp economic downturn is a common phenomenon in the early stages of social and economic transition in the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, Russia will have the fastest economic decline apart from the war-torn countries. For example, in 1990 and 1991, Hungarian social and economic transition had decreased by 3.3% and 9.7% respectively in GNP, 11.6% and 9.2% in Poland, 0.4% in Czechoslovakia and