第三周期元素正含氧酸根 XO_4~(n-)(X=Si,P,S,Cl;n=4,3,2,1)中的键长,实测值比计算值少0.16—0.25 A。这个问题一直引起中外化学家的广泛兴趣。虽然他们作了一些有益的解释,但是还有些问题值得进一步探讨。 XO_4~(?-)是等电子离子,它们都是四面体型的。一般认为其中心原子X用sp~3杂化轨道与四个氧原子形成四个σ配键,而每个氧原子又可以用两对p电子与中 The bond length in the third cycle of the ortho-oxo acid radical XO_4 ~ (n -) (X = Si, P, S, Cl; n = 4,3,2,1) was less than the calculated value by 0.16-0.25 A . This issue has always attracted the widespread interest of Chinese and foreign chemists. Although they made some helpful explanations, some questions deserve further discussion. XO_4 ~ (? -) is an isoelectronic ion, they are all tetrahedral. It is generally believed that the central atom X forms four sigma bonds with four oxygen atoms by sp ~ 3 hybrid orbital, and each oxygen atom can use two pairs of p electrons and