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沃尔特·惠特曼是美国著名诗人和人文主义者,其代表作自由体诗集《草叶集》自“五四”时期传入中国后,对文学界的新诗革命和民众民主思想启蒙影响深远。翻译作为跨文化的交际活动,文化语境的正确处理对译本的优劣至关重要。楚图南、赵萝蕤、李野光三位译者所翻译的《草叶集》中文译本,被业界和读者广为认可和接受。但由于他们身处时代文化背景和思维观念存在一定差异,在惠特曼很多诗歌的翻译上出入较大。本文从文化语境和阐述学角度出发,通过对不同译本进行比较和分析,指出文化语境是译本出现多重表达的主要因素。
Walter Whitman, a famous poet and humanist in the United States, whose representative poem “Grass Leaves Collection” was introduced to China from the May 4th Movement, has far-reaching influence on the enlightenment of the literary world’s New Poetry Revolution and Popular Democracy . As a cross-cultural communicative activity, the correct handling of the cultural context is of crucial importance to the translation. The Chinese version of “Leaves of Grass” translated by three translators, Chu Tu-N’ing, Zhao Luo-蕤 and Li Ye-Kuang, has been widely accepted and accepted by the industry and readers. However, due to their differences in the cultural background and thinking of the times, there is a large discrepancy in the translation of many of Whitman’s poems. From the perspective of cultural context and elaboration, through comparing and analyzing different versions, this paper points out that cultural context is the main factor of multiple expressions in translation versions.