本文无意回顾全部人类文明的历史,而只是从历史的重要线索中列出东西方文化对立的主要元素,从而寻找当代文化发展的历史脉络。一、文明的冲突文化的对立产生矛盾、斗争,而一旦到了文明的程度,就必然产生冲突。冲突的解决有时是暴力的,有时是非暴力的,这取决于冲突中文明的性质。在西方文明中,最早诞生的一神教是犹太教,距今有近三千年的历史。这 This article does not intend to review the history of all human civilization, but only lists the main elements of East-West cultural opposition from the important clues of history in order to find out the historical context of contemporary cultural development. I. Conflict of Civilizations Conflicts of cultures lead to contradictions and struggles. Once civilization reaches the level of civilization, conflicts inevitably arise. The resolution of conflicts is sometimes violent and sometimes non-violent, depending on the nature of the civilization in the conflict. In Western civilization, the earliest monotheism was Judaism, dating back nearly three thousand years. This