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马铃薯立枯丝核菌病,是甘肃省高海拔冷凉山区发生普遍而危害严重的一种病害。据调查,田间植株平均发病率为10～15％左右。重病区薯块平均带菌率28.4～43.65％。经鉴定,病原菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solanikihn)。该菌的菌丝生长温度范围是:最低为4℃,最适为23℃,最高为32～33℃,34℃时停止生长。菌核形成的最适温度为23～28℃。病菌能侵染马铃薯、豌豆、小麦等主要作物。并以贮藏期病薯上的菌核或残留在土壤中的菌核越冬。带菌种薯是第二年初侵染来源,也是远距离传播的主要途径。药剂防治试验表明,播前采用0.5%的福尔马林液或采用0.1％福美双或0.1％多菌灵浸种,都有明显的防病效果。采用抗病品种也能减轻病害的发生和危害。
Rhizoctonia solani is a common and harmful disease in the cold and high altitude of Gansu Province. According to the survey, the average incidence of field plants is about 10 to 15%. The average incidence of tuberculosis tuberculosis was 28.4 ~ 43.65%. It has been identified that the pathogen belongs to Rhizoctonia solanikihn. The mycelium growth temperature range is: a minimum of 4 ℃, the most suitable for 23 ℃, a maximum of 32 ~ 33 ℃, 34 ℃ stop growing. The most suitable temperature for the formation of sclerotia is 23 ~ 28 ℃. Germs can infect potatoes, peas, wheat and other major crops. And over the winter, the sclerotium on the diseased potato or the sclerotium remaining in the soil during storage. The fungus-bearing potato is the source of infection in the second year of its existence and is also the main route for long-distance transmission. Pharmacological control experiments show that 0.5% formalin solution before sowing or 0.1% thiram or 0.1% carbendazim seed soaking have obvious anti-disease effect. The use of disease-resistant varieties can also reduce the occurrence of diseases and hazards.