从19世纪中叶开始,西方的各种制度、思想、文化生活方式等就源源不断地输入中国,影响着中国的社会生活,进而引起中国有志人士对于社会生活和文化的思考,如同梁启超所说,首先是器物上感觉不足,学习西方的坚船利炮,于是提出“师夷长技”的方针。接着是制度上的感觉不足,于是有了变法维新的运动。第三阶段则是文化根本上的不足,“要求全人格的觉悟”。(1)是迎接还是抗拒?时人做出了各种回答,或文化守旧,维护 Since the middle of the 19th century, Western systems, ideologies and cultural lifestyles have been continuously imported into China, influencing China’s social life, which in turn has caused Chinese people with pondering over social life and culture. As Liang Qichao said, The first is the lack of feeling on the utensils, learning the West’s gunboats, then proposed “teacher Yi long technology ” approach. Then there is a lack of institutional feeling, so there is a reform movement. The third stage is the fundamental lack of culture, “requires the realization of full personality ”. (1) is to meet or resist? When people make a variety of answers, or cultural conservative, maintenance