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以环境空间差异视角分析了页岩气资源开发对环境影响的长期性、隐蔽性、潜伏性和区域性等特定属性,并结合我国页岩气资源分布区域的不同有利区位置、自然环境和人文环境等环境特征,提出了选择环境政策时应考虑的空间差异性、预见性、层次性和强弱性等准则。并建议页岩气资源开发中的水资源环境政策实行空间区域管控,水资源丰富地区以监控为主,水资源短缺地区则采用禁用政策,并配以水资源取用政企合作审批机制;地下水保护和污染控制应以预防政策为主,并设置严格防护标准、技术规范及钻探地点选址的规定;大气环境保护政策应实行空气许可证式管理、气体排放源式管理,同时配套技术调控政策和操作规范措施等;周边生态保护应通过技术法规及各方合作政策来减少对周围地表扰动、植被破坏和野生物种及社区的影响。
From the perspective of the difference in environmental space, this paper analyzes the long-term, hidden, latent and regional specific properties of shale gas resources development. Combining with the location of natural resources and human resources in shale gas resources distribution in China, Environment and other environmental characteristics, put forward the criteria of spatial differences, predictability, hierarchy and strength to be considered when choosing environmental policies. It also recommends that the water resources and environment policies in the development of shale gas resources should be controlled and controlled in space. Water-rich areas should be monitored and controlled. Water-shortage areas should be banned. Protection and pollution control should be based on prevention policies, and set strict protection standards, technical specifications and site selection of drilling sites; air environment protection policies should be implemented air license management, source management of gas emissions, and supporting technical control policies And norms of operation and other measures; and the surrounding ecological protection should reduce the impact on the surrounding ground surface disturbance, vegetation destruction and wild species and communities through technical regulations and cooperation policies of all parties.