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To establish the rat model with myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, and investigatethe protective effect of EPO pretreatment on the myocardium. Methods: Sixty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided in-to 3 groups: control group, H/R group, and EPO group, 20 in each group. The rats in EPO group accepted injection of 5 000U/kg recombinant human erythropoietin (RHuEPO) through vein, and the other rats accepted the injection of the same volumeof saline. Twenty-four hours after the injection, rats in the EPO and H/R groups were put into the hypoxia environment for 12h and then returned to the normoxic environment for 2 h, and then the samples of blood and myocardium were collected. Serummyocardial enzyme activity, apoptosis, ultrastructure, myocardial MDA contents, EPO receptor (EPOR) expression in cardiacmyocytes and cardiac functions were tested. Results: EPOR expression was positive in cardiac myocytes of adult rat according to the result of immunohistochemitry assaying. Compared to those in H/R group, rats in EPO group presented lighter injury ofmyocardial ultrastructure, the reduction of serum myocardial enzyme activity, inhibition of apoptosis, the better recovery ofcardiac functions, and the Ness production of oxygen-derived free radicals. Conclusion: Adult rat cardiac myocytes could ex-press EPOR, and EPO pretreatment produced protective effects on myocardium with H/R injury.