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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of intracoronary implantation of autologous bone marrow mononuelear cells (BM-MNC) in miniswine model of reperfused myocardial infarction.Methods Sixteen miniswine myocardial isehemic reperfusion injury models made by ligation of the distal one third segment of left anterior descending artery for 90 minutes were randomized into 2 groups.In BM-MNC group (n=9),(3.54±0.90)×108 BM-MNC were intracoronary injected,and in the control group (n=7),phosphate buffered saline was injected by the same way.Echoeardiographic and hemodynamic results,vessel density,and myocardial infarction size were evaluated and compared before and 4 weeks after cell transplantation.Results In BM-MNC group,there were no differences between before and 4 weeks after transplantation in aspects of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),interventricular septai thickness,left ventricular lateral and anterior septal wall thickness,cardiac output,or +dp/dtmax.In control group,LVEF,interventrieular septal thickness,left ventricular lateral and anterior septal wall thickness,cardiac output,and +dp/dtmax decreased significantly 4 weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and -dp/dtmax did not change significantly before and after cell transplantation in both groups.Capillary density in BM-MNC group was greater than that in control group [(13.39±6.96)/high power field vs.(3.50 ± 1.90)/high power field,P＜0.05].Infarction area assessed by tetrazolium red staining and the infarction percentage decreased in BM-MNC group compared with those in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Transplantation of BM-MNC into myocardium with isehemie reperfusion injury increases capillary density and decreases infarction area.It has significantly beneficial effect on cardiac systolic function rather than on diastolic function.