当前国内农村研究界存在一种隐含的研究前提,即追求利益最大化的农民,可以通过自愿的办法建立农村社会的内生秩序,从而实现公共品的最优供给。这一隐含的研究前提混淆了公共品与私人品的差别,忽视了对乡村秩序社会文化基础的考察。其后果不仅在于无法正确解释新中国农村发展的历史,而且无法为目前中国农村的发展提供有用的对策。 At present, there is an implicit research premise in the rural research community in China. That is, peasants seeking maximum benefits can establish the endogenous order of rural society through voluntary means so as to achieve the optimal supply of public goods. This implicit research premise confused the differences between public goods and private goods, neglected the investigation of the social and cultural foundation of rural order. The consequences lie not only in the failure to correctly explain the history of rural development in New China, but also to provide a useful countermeasure for the development of rural China.