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文章基于中国地区发展效率存在巨大差距的现实背景,从要素替代弹性分析的视角,运用超越对数生产函数面板数据计量方法,对我国三大区域1996-2010年间的技术进步方向演化与要素结构变动的匹配关系进行了实证研究。结果发现,区域技术效率差异源自技术动态选择与要素结构的匹配差异。具体表现为:东部地区依赖要素投入数量而忽视要素质量提升的技术选择惰性使其产业结构升级陷于步履维艰的境地;中部地区有悖于劳动力资源比较优势的技术进步方向选择偏差使其产业结构面临迂回调整;虽然西部地区技术进步偏向适度性选择偏差一度造成技术效率损失,但是契合劳动力禀赋相对优势的技术选择引导劳动密集型向资本密集型产业平稳过渡。这些结论为匹配区域要素禀赋异质性及其结构的动态变化,适时选择适宜的技术进步类型以提高区域经济效率,并为区域间协调互动以发挥区域比较优势提供了启示。
Based on the background of huge gap between development efficiencies in China and from the perspective of factor elasticity of substitution, this paper applies the method of data measurement beyond the logarithm of production functions to analyze the evolution of technological progress and structural changes of the three major regions in China during 1996-2010 The matching relationship was studied empirically. The results show that the differences in regional technical efficiency result from the differences in the matching between technology dynamic and factor structure. The concrete manifestation is that the eastern region relies on the input of factors and neglects the inertia of the technological choices of improving the quality of factors, which makes the upgrading of its industrial structure in a difficult situation. The deviation of the choice of technological progress in the central region that is contrary to the comparative advantages of labor resources causes the industrial structure to be detoured Adjustment. Although technological preferences of western regions tend to cause technical efficiency loss due to the deviation of moderation, the technical choice of adapting to the comparative advantage of labor endowments leads to a smooth transition from labor-intensive to capital-intensive industries. These conclusions are the dynamic changes of the endowment heterogeneity and the structure of the regional endowments, the timely selection of suitable types of technological advancement to improve the regional economic efficiency, and provide enlightenment for the coordination and interaction among regions to exert regional comparative advantages.