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目的研究中国幼儿中文和英文语音觉知的特点。方法选择 18个月幼儿和学前儿童 ,评估语言发育水平、语音觉知能力、记忆能力、发音准确性和英语学习成绩。第一个阶段对 18～ 2 4个月幼儿分两组分别进行中文和英文的语音输入约 10 0h ,第二个阶段对所有儿童进行英语教学 14周。结果 3岁以上幼儿语言和记忆发育水平随年龄而增长 ;女孩的语音分辨能力比男孩好 ;大年龄组幼儿的语音分辨能力显著高于低年龄组 ,中文的语音分辨能力在 2～ 3岁之间提高最明显 ,英文语音分辨能力在 4～ 5岁之间提高最明显 ;中文语音分辨能力与年龄、语言水平和记忆水平显著正相关 ,英文的语音分辨能力与年龄、中文语言水平和记忆水平显著正相关 ;发音准确性与中文语音分辨能力正相关。结论幼儿的语音觉知能力 ,女孩强于男孩 ,6岁之前随年龄而增长。当儿童的母语和记忆等认知能力发展到较好水平时 ,获得非母语的觉知能力将更快、更好、发音更准确 ,学习外语将更有效。
Objective To study the characteristics of Chinese children’s Chinese and English speech awareness. Methods 18-month-old children and preschool children were selected to evaluate the level of language development, speech awareness, memory, pronunciation accuracy and English achievement. In the first stage, children aged 18-24 months were asked to enter Chinese and English voices for 10h respectively in two groups. In the second phase, all children were taught English for 14 weeks. Results The level of language and memory of children over 3 years old increased with age. The voice discrimination ability of girls was better than that of boys. The voice discrimination ability of young children in older age group was significantly higher than that of lower age group. The Chinese voice discrimination ability was between 2 and 3 years old The most obvious improvement was between English and Chinese. The Chinese language ability of pronunciation was significantly and positively correlated with age, language level and memory level. The ability of speech recognition in English was significantly related to age, Chinese language proficiency and memory level Significantly positive correlation; Phonetic accuracy is positively correlated with Chinese speech resolution. Conclusions Children’s speech awareness is stronger in girls than boys and increases with age before age 6. When children’s cognitive ability such as mother tongue and memory develops to a good level, acquiring non-native language awareness will be faster and better, pronunciation will be more accurate, and learning foreign languages will be more effective.