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为了揭示硬叶兜兰表型变异的规律,以滇东南核心分布地区7个硬叶兜兰居群113个体的18个表型数量性状进行研究,通过变异系数、巢式方差分析、相关性和聚类分析,结果显示:除了叶长、叶宽、花梗粗、苞片长和苞片宽5个数量性状不存在显著差异外,其余数量性状在居群水平上都存在显著差异。各性状变异系数在0.088~0.189之间,花梗长、叶长、叶长宽比、附毛长的变异系数较大,而中萼高、花囊高和宽、花梗粗、合萼高、花瓣宽和长相对变异不大;18个性状表型分化系数(Vst)在2.05%~50.62%之间,平均值达到22.02%,暗示有77.98%表型变异存在于居群内。除雄蕊长和宽表现居群内和居群间的变异相当外,果蒴长、花瓣长和宽、中萼高和宽、合萼高和宽的分化系数分别为36.03%、23.74%、24.55%、28.13%、18.00%、20.56%和18.12%,叶长最小,为2.05%,居群间的变异明显小于居群内。性状关联性研究表明:花瓣、合萼、中萼高、花梗长和叶长宽比高度相关,而叶宽、苞片长、雄蕊性状和中萼高与其余性状关联性不密切,这些性状相对独立,稳定性较高;基于数量指标的欧氏距离聚类表明:7个居群可分为2大类:杨柳井居群和马固居群为近缘支;其余5个居群(斗咀、小坝子、夹寒箐、古林箐和田坝)为一类。
In order to reveal the regularity of the phenotypic variation of Paphos elata, eighteen phenotypic traits of 113 individuals from seven hard Paphiopedilum populations in the core distribution area of southeast Yunnan were studied. By means of variation coefficient, nested analysis of variance, correlation and The results showed that except for the leaf length, leaf width, pedicel diameter, bracts length and bracts width, there were no significant differences among the five quantitative traits. The coefficients of variation of each trait ranged from 0.088 to 0.189. The coefficients of variation of pedicel length, leaf length, leaf aspect ratio and attached hair length were larger. However, the coefficient of variation of the calyx was higher, the height and width of the cymbidium were larger, the pedicel thick, The relative variation of length was not significant. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient (Vst) of 18 traits ranged from 2.05% to 50.62% with an average of 22.02%, suggesting that 77.98% of the phenotypic variation existed in the population. Except for the variation of stamen length and width among populations and populations, there were 36.03%, 23.74%, 24.55 %, 28.13%, 18.00%, 20.56% and 18.12% respectively. The leaf length was the smallest, which was 2.05%. The variation among populations was obviously less than that within populations. Correlation analysis of traits showed that there was a high correlation between petal, cope, height of calyx, length of pedicel and leaf aspect ratio, but leaf width, length of bramble, stamen and height of calyx were not closely related with other traits, these traits were relatively independent, The Euclidean distance clustering based on quantitative index shows that the seven populations can be divided into two categories: the Yangliujing population and the Maju population are close relatives; the other five populations (Douzui, Small Bazi, folder Hanzao, Gulin 箐 Hetian dam) for a class.