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纵观西方宪政发展的历程,我们不难发现,实现宪政的根基是必须有一个成熟的市民社会,而有一部较为完善的客观地反映市民社会要求的宪法仅是实现宪政的法律保证。“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”不仅是我们建设有中国特色的社会主义法治国家的宏伟目标,也是中国法制现代化的终极追求,九届人大二次会议已将它写进了宪法,这充分体现了我们党和国家推进宪政的决心。依法治国,实现社会主义法治国家的核心就是依宪治国,实现社会主义宪政。在中国这样一个特殊的国度中,要想使宪政成为现实同样有赖于市民社会的真正成熟。本文通过对西方社会宪法形成和发展的历史轨迹的考察与分析来揭示市民社会与宪法的互动关系,从而在此基础上总结和反思中国宪法的形成和发展历程,并对当代中国如何推进社会主义宪政提出自己的观点。
Looking at the history of the development of constitutionalism in the West, we can easily find out that the foundation for achieving constitutional government must be a mature civil society, and that a fairly complete and objective constitutional law reflecting objectively the requirements of civil society is only the legal guarantee for the realization of constitutional government. The principle of “governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law” is not only the grand goal of building a socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics but also the ultimate pursuit of the modernization of China’s legal system. It has been written into the Constitution by the Second Session of the Ninth NPC, This fully reflects our party and country’s determination to promote constitutional government. Governing the country according to law and the core of realizing the socialist country governed by law are to govern the country according to the constitution and realize the socialist constitutional government. In such a special country as China, the realization of constitutional government depends on the true maturity of civil society as well. Through the investigation and analysis of the historical trajectory of the formation and development of the western social constitution, this article reveals the interaction between the civil society and the constitution. On this basis, it summarizes and reflects on the formation and development of the Chinese constitution and on how to promote socialism in contemporary China Constitutional government put forward its own point of view.