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目的分析抚州市手足口病病原检测情况及流行病学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法收集2010—2012年抚州市各县区送检的重症及死亡病例、暴发疫情和日常监测病例(普通病例)的咽拭子或疱疹液样本,采用Real-Time PCR法进行肠道病毒核酸检测,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2010—2012年共检测样本429份,检出肠道病毒核酸阳性320份,总阳性检出率为74.59%;其中重症及死亡病例阳性检出率为90.91%(10/11),普通病例阳性检出率为74.16%(310/418),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。320份阳性样本中,EV71型阳性152份,占47.50%;Cox A16型阳性92份,占28.75%;其他肠道病毒阳性76份,占23.75%。病原检出高峰在每年的3—6月份,共检出阳性168份,占52.50%,以EV71型为优势毒株;次高峰在9—10月份,共检出阳性73份,占22.81%,以Cox A16型和其他肠道病毒为优势毒株。0~4岁人群阳性率为75.84%(317/418),≥5岁人群阳性率为27.27%(3/11),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性阳性检出率为80.47%(206/256),女性为65.90%(114/173)),男性高于女性(P<0.01)。结论抚州市手足口病各型病原均有检出且有明显的季节特征,以EV71型和Cox A16型为优势毒株,主要感染5岁以下儿童。
Objective To analyze the pathogen detection and epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Fuzhou and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Throat swabs or herpes samples of severe and fatal cases, outbreaks and routine monitoring cases (common cases) sent from counties in Fuzhou from 2010 to 2012 were collected. Real-Time PCR was used to detect the presence of enterovirus nucleic acid , Using descriptive epidemiological methods for analysis. Results A total of 429 samples were detected in 2010-2012, of which 320 were positive for enterovirus nucleic acid. The total positive detection rate was 74.59%. The positive rate of severe and death cases was 90.91% (10/11) The positive rate was 74.16% (310/418), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Of 320 positive samples, 152 positive for EV71 type accounted for 47.50%, 92 positive for Cox A16 type accounted for 28.75%, 76 positive for other enterovirus, accounting for 23.75%. Pathogen detection peak in the annual 3-6 month, a total of 168 were positive, accounting for 52.50%, EV71 type strains for the dominant; sub peak in September-October, a total of 73 were positive, accounting for 22.81% Cox A16 type and other enteroviruses as the dominant strain. The positive rate was 75.84% (317/418) in 0 ~ 4 years old group and 27.27% (3/11) in ≥5 years old group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The positive rate of males was 80.47% (206/256), females was 65.90% (114/173)), males were higher than females (P <0.01). Conclusion All pathogenic pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Fuzhou City were detected with obvious seasonal characteristics. EV71-type and Cox-A16-type strains were predominant and mainly infected children under 5 years of age.