论文部分内容阅读
20世纪80年代中期以来,劳动力在地区间的迁移为中国经济增长做出了突出贡献。但是,出于对移民进入会损害本地居民福利的忧虑,移民一直遭受到来自迁入地政府的政策歧视和社会公众的舆论歧视。本文使用幸福感来衡量居民的主观福利,工具变量估计发现,总体而言,移民进入并没有对本地居民幸福感造成显著的不利冲击。分组估计发现,移民进入并未对按性别和受教育程度分组居民的幸福感造成显著影响,但对各年龄组居民幸福感的影响存在异质性。具体而言,移民进入显著降低了本地中年组居民的幸福感,但也显著提高了本地老年组居民的幸福感,且对后者的影响规模大于对前者的影响规模。因此,移民进入会损害本地居民福利的观点,可能是对移民的误解。
Since the mid-1980s, labor migration among regions has made outstanding contributions to China’s economic growth. However, out of concern that immigrants may damage the well-being of local residents, immigrants have been subjected to policy discrimination from the local government and the public opinion discrimination. This article uses the sense of wellbeing to measure the subjective well-being of residents. Estimates of instrumental variables show that, overall, immigration does not have a significant negative impact on the well-being of local residents. Subgroup estimation found that immigration did not significantly affect the happiness of residents grouped by gender and educational attainment, but there was heterogeneity in the impact on happiness of residents in all age groups. Specifically, the entry of immigrants significantly reduced the happiness of residents in the local middle-aged group, but also significantly enhanced the sense of well-being of the residents in the local senior citizens group, with a greater impact on the latter than on the former. Therefore, the view that immigrants may infringe upon the welfare of local residents may be a misunderstanding of immigrants.