本文报道了经过两个疗程柔红霉素与阿糖胞苷化疗无效的急性难治性未分化型粒细胞白血病。因某些原始细胞具有早幼粒细胞特征,故采用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治疗而持续完全缓解(CR)。该例病人经细胞遗传学与分子遗传学证实无与急性早幼粒细胞白血病有关的任何异常表现。患者女性,68岁,患不明原因晕厥,骨质疏松伴压缩性椎骨骨折,食道狭窄,高血压。查体无异常,外周血异常细胞8％,骨髓原始细胞占8%,双酯酶染色阴性,细胞标志CD34~-.HLA-DR~-,提示为未分化型白血病,用柔红霉素60mg/m~2×3天,阿糖胞苷100mg/m~2×7天, This article reports the acute refractory anaplastic myeloid leukemia that has failed to respond to daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy over two courses. Due to the promyelocytic characteristics of some primitive cells, complete remission (CR) was achieved with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. The patient was confirmed by cytogenetics and molecular genetics without any abnormalities associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Female patient, 68 years old, suffering from unexplained syncope, osteoporosis with compressed vertebral fracture, esophageal stricture, and hypertension. No abnormalities in the examination, 8% of peripheral blood abnormal cells, 8% of bone marrow blasts, double negative staining, cell markers CD34 ~ -.HLA-DR ~ -, suggesting that undifferentiated leukemia, with daunorubicin 60mg / m ~ 2 × 3 days, cytarabine 100mg / m ~ 2 × 7 days,