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目的:观察大鼠面部行为、功能学的恢复变化,为面神经损伤修复研究提供可靠的实验性功能评估手段。方法:建立大鼠面神经断伤吻合模型,术后每周观察触须拂动与瞬目等面部运动,记录健患两侧面神经电图(ENoG)与瞬目反射(BR)的变化。结果:术后患侧触须拂动与瞬目动作消失,但立即出现细微的触须颤抖,术后1个月左右面部运动开始恢复,2个月时可出现瞬目动作同时耳周肌肉的联带运动。ENoG检测时,术后患侧复合肌动作电位(M波)仍可引出,21d时其潜伏期值开始延长,1个月时达高峰并开始恢复,3、4个月时基本稳定但仍不能恢复至健侧水平,其中28～63d时健患两侧潜伏期值的变化与其他各时间点相比差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。健患两侧M波振幅与刺激强度值变化无明显规律,潜伏期、振幅与刺激强度三值间也无相关性。BR检测时,患侧R1波在术后7、14d消失,1个月后恢复检出,2个月左右可在同侧口轮匝肌处记录到提示联带的R1样肌电反射波(R1oris),此后两者潜伏期值均减低,而且2个月时的R1oris潜伏期值均长于此后各时点值(P<0.05)。结论:ENoG和BR检测方法客观可靠,可用以反映大鼠面瘫模型的面部行为、功能学恢复变化,进一步完善后有助于面神经损伤修复机制的相关研究。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of facial behavior and function in rats and provide a reliable means of experimental function evaluation for facial nerve injury repair. Methods: An anastomosis model of facial nerve in rats was established. The facial movement of whiskers and blinking were observed weekly. The changes of ENoG and BR were recorded. Results: The ipsilateral tentorium flicker and blinking disappeared, but the subtle tentorial tremor immediately appeared. After about one month, the facial movement began to recover. At 2 months, the blinking motion of the ear and the muscle of the ear was observed movement. After ENoG test, the action potential of the compound muscle (M wave) in the affected side could still be induced. At 21 days, the latent period began to lengthen, peaked at 1 month and started to recover, but remained stable at 3 and 4 months (P <0.05). There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). There was no obvious change in amplitude and intensity of M wave on both sides of healthy and affected, and there was no correlation between latency, amplitude and intensity of stimulation. BR detection, ipsilateral R1 wave disappeared 7 days after operation, 1 month after the resumption of detection, 2 months or so in the ipsilateral orbicularis oris muscle recorded at the junction with the remind of the R1-like EMG wave R1oris). Both of the two values decreased afterwards, and the values of R1oris latency at 2 months were longer than those at the later time point (P <0.05). Conclusion: The detection methods of ENoG and BR are objective and reliable, which can be used to reflect the facial behavior and functional recovery of facial paralysis model in rats and to further improve the research on the mechanism of facial nerve injury repair.