选文研究了不同农作管理措施--有机肥与化肥配施、秸秆还田、以及不同耕作方式(常规耕作、旋耕、免耕)等对华北平原冬小麦地土壤CO2与N2O排放的影响。研究结果表明:1)冬小麦生育期土壤CO2排放通量主要受土壤温度的影响,CO2排放通量与5cm土壤温度呈指数关系或二次抛物线关系;CO2排放主要发生在返青后,返青后到成熟期的排放量平均占小麦生育期总排放量的64.1%。2)在施用化肥的情况下适当配施有机肥,并未引起土壤CO2排放的显著增加;秸秆还田没有显著增加冬小麦生育期内的土壤CO2排放量;与常规耕作相比,旋耕使冬小麦生育期土壤CO2累积排放量有一定程度降低,免耕使土壤CO2累积排放量显著降低,冬小麦生育期旋耕和免耕处理的土壤CO2累积排放量分别是常规耕作的98.2%与84.6%。3)冬小麦生育期间的N2O排放峰主要发生在施肥后(包括基肥和追肥后),追肥后第10 d开始的近一个月内累积排放的N2O占全生育期总排放量的一半。4)基肥合理配施有机肥降低了返青拔节期单施化肥引起的短期N2O排放通量高峰;秸秆还田没有显著增加冬小麦生育期内的土壤N2O排放量;旋耕与常耕对土壤N2O排的影响差异不显著,免耕处理比常规耕作使土壤N2O排放通量显著降低,免耕处理的土壤N2O累积排放量是常规耕作的77.0%。 The essay studied the effects of different crop management practices - organic manure and chemical fertilizer application, straw return to field and different soil types (conventional tillage, rotary tillage and no tillage) on soil CO2 and N2O emissions in the North China Plain. The results showed as follows: 1) The fluxes of soil CO2 during the growth of winter wheat were mainly affected by soil temperature. The CO2 fluxes were exponential or quadratic parabola with 5cm soil temperature. CO2 emission mainly occurred after greening, The average emissions of wheat during the growth period accounted for 64.1% of total emissions. 2) Appropriate application of organic manure in the application of chemical fertilizers did not cause significant increase of soil CO2 emissions; straw return to field did not significantly increase soil CO2 emissions during winter wheat growth stage; compared with conventional tillage, Cumulative emissions of soil CO2 decreased to a certain extent during tillage, and cumulative emissions of soil CO2 decreased significantly under no-tillage. Cumulative emissions of soil CO2 during and after tillage were 98.2% and 84.6% of that of conventional tillage, respectively. 3) The peak of N2O emission during the growth of winter wheat mainly occurred after fertilization (including basal fertilizer and top dressing), and N2O accumulated in the first month after the top 10 d after top dressing accounted for half of the total discharge during the whole growth period. 4) The rational application of organic manure by basal fertilizer reduced the peak of short-term N2O flux caused by chemical fertilizer alone at the regreening and jointing stage. Straw returning did not significantly increase soil N2O emission during winter wheat growth period; . The no-tillage treatment significantly reduced the N2O flux of soil compared with conventional tillage, and the cumulative N2O emission of no-tillage treatment was 77.0% of conventional tillage.