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目的：探讨超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、脂质过氧化物（lipid peroxides，LPO）与复发性阿弗他溃疡（recurrent aphthous ulcers，RAU）发病机制的关系及茶多酚（tea polyphenols，TP）对RAU的SOD、LPO的影响。方法：将160例复发性阿弗他溃疡患者根据中医辨证分为心脾积热型、阴虚火旺型和气血亏虚型，分别用羟胺法和硫代巴比妥比色法测定RAU患者TP治疗前后血清中SOD活性及LPO含量，并测定健康成人血清中SOD活性及LPO含量。结果：治疗前阴虚火旺证RAU组SOD活性明显低于健康组（P＜0.01），而LPO含量明显高于健康组（P＜0.01）；治疗后阴虚火旺证RAU患者血清SOD活性及LPO含量与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：SOD活性的降低和LPO含量的升高在阴虚火旺证RAU的发病机制中起重要的作用，TP能增强阴虚火旺证RAU患者SOD活力，降低LPO含量，提高机体抗氧化能力，为利用天然药物防治RAU提供一定的理论依据.“,”Objective: To observe the relationship among superoxide dismutase(SOD), Lipid peroxides (LPO) and the pa-tients with Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) and to evaluate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on RAU. Methods: According to TCM syndrome differentiation, 160 patients with Recurrent aphthous ulcers were assigned to tree groups: syndrome of heat retention of heart and spleen ,syndrome of hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, and syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood; the levels of SOD were determined by hydroxylamine method and LPO content in plasma were measured with modified TBA colorimetry before and after TP treatment. Results: Before TP therapy, the SOD levels of syndrome of hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency were significantly lower and LPO levels were higher significantly than those in healthy adults(P<0.01).The levels of SOD and LPO of syndrome of hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency showed significant difference before and after treatment(P<0.01). Conclusion: TP can obviously increase SOD activity and the antioxidant ability of syndrome of hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency and supply experimental data for clinical application of Tea Polyphenols.