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科举制度,在明代诸种政治设施中,占有极其重要的地位。长期以来,在一些论者中, 多所提及,但未能结合当时的社会历史实际进行系统论述,盲目地给予高度评价。本文拟将明代科举制度,放到社会历史的演变中,对它的承袭、发展变化及其特点、弊端诸方面,略作历史考察,间或与前朝同类制度加以比较,提出一些粗浅看法,以就教于方家。 (一) 隋文帝创立科举制度之后,经唐代的补充、修正,至宋神宗熙宁年间已基本成熟和定型。元代,以北方少数民族入主中原,在推行“汉法”政治的同时,虽然也承袭前朝的科举
The imperial examination system occupies an extremely important position in the various political facilities in the Ming Dynasty. For a long time, some of the commentators mentioned many things, but failed to systematically discuss them with the social history of the time and blindly gave high marks. This article intends to put the system of imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty into the evolution of social history, and make a brief comparison with the similar institutions in the history of the inheritance, development and change, its characteristics and malpractices, and put forward some superficial opinions Teach in Fang Fang. (A) Sui Wendi established the imperial examination system, after the Tang Dynasty supplement, amendment, to Song Shenzong Xining years has been basically mature and stereotypes. In the Yuan Dynasty, with the participation of the northern ethnic minorities in the Central Plains, while implementing the “Han-Fa” politics, they inherited the imperial examinations