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历来清代皇家陵寝,工程浩大,往往历时数年,花费无数。因此,工程经费的经济审查监督工作十分重要。通常要由皇帝选派亲信大臣组成一个监督审查机构——钦派勘估处,专门负责编制工程预算和工程监察验收工作。本文通过对于清代家传样式雷图档的系统整理和研究,以清代惠陵工程为例,力图揭示我国古代大型土木建筑工程监督机构的具体职能和组织建制。旨在说明在清代皇家工程管理方面早已建立起一套相当成熟严密的工程监察制度,同时这样的机构设置具有许多优势值得我们很好地学习和借鉴。
Royal tombs have always been Qing Dynasty, a huge project, often lasted several years, spending countless. Therefore, the economic examination and supervision of project funding is very important. Often, the emperor should appoint a cleric minister to form a censorial inspection agency, Qin Appraisal Office, which will be responsible for the preparation of the project budget and project inspection and acceptance. This article tries to reveal the specific functions and organizational system of the large-scale civil engineering supervision institutions in our country through systematically sorting and researching the Lei Tu files in the Qing Dynasty. The purpose of this article is to show that a fairly mature system of engineering supervision has already been established in the management of imperial projects in the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, such institutional arrangements have many advantages that we should learn and learn well.