论文部分内容阅读
PTEN是1997年3月由美国两个研究小组克隆得到的继P53基因之后的一种最常突变的肿瘤抑制基因,也是迄今为止发现的第一个具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因。PTEN对人体细胞多种分子的磷酸化和去磷酸化的转换起决定性作用,影响细胞间信号的传递,它的突变失去了对细胞增长的负调控,导致多种肿瘤的发生。端粒酶是一种核糖核蛋白酶复合物,人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)是端粒酶的催化亚基,具有逆转录酶的活性。hTERT的表达和端粒酶的活性是平行的,人正常体细胞一般不表达,而在恶性肿瘤中表达活性增高。端粒酶能使细胞永生化,它的激活促使了肿瘤的发生。但对PTEN、人端粒酶逆转录酶与肝细胞肝癌的关系研究甚少,本文就二者与肝细胞肝癌的关系及靶向抑癌作用作一综述。
PTEN was the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene following P53 gene cloned by two US research groups in March 1997 and the first tumor suppressor gene with phosphatase activity discovered so far. PTEN plays a decisive role in the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of many kinds of molecules in human cells and affects the signal transmission between cells. The mutation of PTEN loses the negative regulation of cell growth and leads to the occurrence of many tumors. Telomerase is a ribonuclease complex, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, with reverse transcriptase activity. hTERT expression and telomerase activity are parallel, human normal somatic cells generally do not express, while in malignant tumors increased expression activity. Telomerase can make cells immortalized, and its activation promotes tumorigenesis. However, there is little research on the relationship between human telomerase reverse transcriptase and hepatocellular carcinoma in PTEN.