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为科学地认识中国东北黑土区流域土壤侵蚀特征,探讨TETIS模型在该区的适用性,本文以乌裕尔河流域为例,利用1971-1987年日径流与泥沙实测数据对TETIS模型进行了校正与验证,进而分析了流域土壤侵蚀强度特征及其与坡度、土地利用方式的关系。研究结果表明:TETIS模型在乌裕尔河流域适用性好,日径流与日输沙量的纳什效率系数在0.52~0.70之间,决定系数在0.60~0.71之间,体积误差均不超过15%。流域平均侵蚀模数为397.2 t/(km2·a),流域以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,约90%的产沙来自于坡面。平均土壤侵蚀模数随坡度的增大而增大,流域侵蚀量主要来自于0°~5°坡面。不同土地利用方式具不同的土壤侵蚀模数,耕地土壤侵蚀模数最大,达556.3 t/(km2·a)。坡度较大的耕地和植被覆盖度较低的区域是水土流失治理的重点。研究表明,TETIS模型在黑土区模拟土壤侵蚀产沙应用前景好,可为研究区制定水土保持措施提供科学依据。
In order to scientifically understand the characteristics of soil erosion in the black soil region of northeastern China and to explore the applicability of TETIS model in this region, this paper takes Wuyuel River Basin as an example. Using the daily runoff and sediment data from 1971 to 1987, Correction and verification, and then analyzed the characteristics of soil erosion intensity and its relationship with slope and land use patterns. The results show that the TETIS model has good applicability in the Wuyuel River Basin. The Nash efficiency coefficient of daily runoff and daily sediment transport is between 0.52 and 0.70, the coefficient of determination is between 0.60 and 0.71 and the volume error is no more than 15% . The average erosion modulus of the basin is 397.2 t / (km2 · a). The watershed is dominated by slight and mild erosion, and about 90% of the sediment yield comes from the slope. The average soil erosion modulus increases with the increase of slope degree, and the erosion amount mainly comes from 0 ° ~ 5 ° slope. Different modes of land use have different modulus of soil erosion, and the modulus of arable land erosion is the largest, reaching 556.3 t / (km2 · a). Areas with a steeper slope and lower vegetation coverage are the main points of soil and water erosion control. The research shows that the TETIS model has good prospects in simulating soil erosion and sediment yield in the black soil area, which can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of soil and water conservation measures in the study area.