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砷、镉、铬属于环境中类金属或金属肾毒性污染物。研究发现，营养素、生物活性大分子、草本植物及其提取物、临床药物及化合物对砷、镉、铬化合物导致的实验动物肾损伤具有明显的拮抗效应，能够有效逆转肾小球滤过功能下降，减轻肾小管组织的氧化应激和组织病理损伤，改善血清和尿液中的肾损伤生物学标志水平。文中对近年来各类物质拮抗砷、镉、铬肾毒性实验效应及其分子机制进行阐述，为肾毒性拮抗剂的开发应用提供参考。“,”Arsenic, cadmium and chromium are metalloid or metal contaminants with nephrotoxicity in the environment. Studies have found that nutrients, bioactive macromolecules, herbs and their extracts, clinical drugs and compounds exert the significant antagonistic effects against animal kidney damage caused by arsenic, cadmium and chromium compounds, that can reverse effectively the decline of glomerular filtration function, reduce oxidative stress, histopathological damage of renal tubular tissues and improve the levels of serum or urinary biomarkers indicating kidney injury. This article makes a general elaboration of various substances which show the experimental antagonism against arsenic or cadmium or chromium nephrotoxicity and its corresponding molecular mechanism, providing a reference for development and application of nephrotoxic antagonists.