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近年来,木材非法采伐及其相关贸易问题引起了国际社会的广泛关注。文章首先分析了木材非法采伐及其贸易全球治理的进展、成效和局限性。然后在探讨木材及木材制品国际贸易特殊性的基础上,分析了全球治理的前景。分析表明:(1)全球治理由实施绿色公共采购政策/负责任采购政策,制定FLEG/FLEGT行动计划和签订国际/双边贸易协议,通过相关法案等三个阶段组成。(2)普遍缺少系统的成效评估。(3)由发达国家主导,并未充分考虑发展中国家的国情和林情;木材合法和可持续采购体系十分复杂,不少体系强调独立的第三方认证、全面的可追溯性和众多配套条件,实际上已筑起了非关税壁垒。如无适当规制,贸易争端在所难免。(4)打击木材非法采伐的实质是森林资源再分配的利益博弈。
In recent years, the issue of timber illegal logging and its related trade has drawn the widespread concern of the international community. The paper first analyzes the progress, achievements and limitations of timber illegal logging and its global trade governance. Then, on the basis of discussing the particularity of the international trade of timber and wood products, the prospect of global governance is analyzed. The analysis shows that: (1) Global governance consists of three phases: implementation of green public procurement policy and responsible procurement policy, establishment of FLEG / FLEGT action plan and signing of international / bilateral trade agreements and related bills. (2) There is a general lack of systematic assessment of effectiveness. (3) Led by developed countries, the national conditions and situation of developing countries are not fully taken into consideration. The legal and sustainable purchase system of timber is very complicated. Many systems emphasize independent third-party certification, comprehensive traceability and many supporting conditions In fact, non-tariff barriers have been established. Without proper regulation, trade disputes are inevitable. (4) The essence of cracking down on timber illegal logging is the profit game of redistribution of forest resources.