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本文比较了不同施氮水平对甜菜种植地和休闲地土壤中好气性细菌、放线菌和真菌数量的影响，并对土壤中的硝化细菌进行了测定。试验表明，氮肥能增加土壤中好气性细菌和硝化细菌的数量，并显著增加３０～６０ｃｍ土层中亚硝酸细菌数量，对５～１０ｃｍ、１０～３０ｃｍ和３０～６０ｃｍ土层中的硝酸细菌表现出促进作用。各施氮水平的土壤微生物总数达１×１０￣８个／ｇ干土以上。其中细菌为主要类群，约占９０％以上，其次为放线菌和真菌。在甜菜定苗前和收获期，５～３０ｃｍ土层中微生物总数顺序为施用Ｎ＿（１２０）＞Ｎ＿（１８０）＞Ｎ＿０，与甜菜的产量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９２８）．
In this paper, the effects of different N application rates on aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in beet and fallow soils were compared. Nitrobacteria in soil were also measured. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer could increase the amount of aerobic bacteria and nitrobacteria in soil and significantly increase the number of nitrite bacteria in 30-60 cm soil layer. The nitrite bacteria performance in soil layers of 5-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30-60 cm Promote the role. The total number of soil microorganisms at each N level reached 1 × 10 ~ 8 / g dry soil or more. Among them, bacteria were the major groups, accounting for over 90%, followed by actinomycetes and fungi. The total number of microbes in 5 ~ 30cm soil layer before and during beet seedling application was N 120 N 180 N 0, which was significantly and positively correlated with the yield of sugar beet (r = 0.928).