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目的探讨视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离患者的一般情况及视力、眼压、眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影、眼部超声波等检查资料。结果15例患者中,男性8例,女性7例;年龄18~42岁,平均25岁。5例合并新生血管性青光眼。患者就诊时的视力:光感至0.05。眼底检查显示全视网膜散在出血、视网膜静脉迂曲,黄斑区有明显的水肿和出血,在水肿和脱离区的边缘可见大片渗出。坐位时视网膜脱离为2~5个钟点范围。全部患者均未见视乳头血管吻合支的形成。荧光素眼底血管造影显示大片出血遮蔽荧光或可见后极部毛细血管无灌注区。超声波测量有5只眼平均眼轴长为22.98mm。结论渗出性视网膜脱离是视网膜中央静脉阻塞的少见、严重并发症。多见于青年患者,易并发新生血管性青光眼,其眼底及荧光素眼底血管造影检查具有特征性。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with central retinal vein occlusion complicated with exudative retinal detachment. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the general situation of patients with central retinal vein occlusion complicated with exudative retinal detachment and visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus, fundus fluorescein angiography, ocular ultrasonography and other examination data. Results Among the 15 patients, 8 were males and 7 were females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 42 years with an average of 25 years. 5 cases with neovascular glaucoma. Eyesight at the patient’s visit: Light perception to 0.05. Fundus examination showed that the whole retina scattered bleeding, tortuous retinal vein, macular area obvious edema and bleeding, edema and detachment in the edge of the area visible large exudate. Retina retinal detachment for the 2 to 5 hours range. None of the patients had papillary vascular anastomotic formation. Fluorescein fundus angiography showed massive hemorrhage occluded fluorescence or visible posterior pole capillaries without perfusion area. The average ocular axial length of 5 eyes measured by ultrasound was 22.98 mm. Conclusion Exudative retinal detachment is a rare and serious complication of central retinal vein occlusion. More common in young patients, and complicated with neovascular glaucoma, fundus and fluorescein fundus angiography has the characteristic.