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【目的】明确意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica(简称“意蜂”)对两种油菜(甘蓝型胜利油菜Brassica napus cv.Shengli和芥菜型马尾油菜B.juncea cv.Mawei)的气味偏爱性及选择行为特征。【方法】本研究开展大田访花偏爱性试验、室外群体气味偏爱性试验以及室内“Y”型嗅觉仪行为反应和学习记忆试验,测定意蜂蜂群及青年采集蜂对甘蓝型胜利油菜和芥菜型马尾油菜两种油菜花朵的选择次数,并通过采集蜂训练时及训练后的喙伸反应率分析两种油菜花朵气味对采集蜂学习记忆能力的影响,最终评估意蜂蜂群及个体对这两种油茶花朵气味的选择性。【结果】大田试验12:00-13:00时间段,访问胜利油菜的意蜂数量显著高于访问马尾油菜的数量(P<0.05)。群体气味偏爱性试验14:00-15:00时间段意蜂访问胜利油菜的数量显著高于访问马尾油菜的数量(P<0.05)。行为反应试验结果显示意蜂选择胜利油菜的次数(3.86±2.83)显著高于访问马尾油菜的次数(2.28±1.87)(P<0.05)。在学习记忆试验中,随着训练次数的增加,意蜂对两种油菜花朵气味的喙伸反应率逐渐升高,相同的训练次数,意蜂对两种油菜气味的学习能力差异不显著(P>0.05);训练结束后,随着时间的增加,意蜂对胜利油菜及马尾油菜的气味记忆逐渐下降,在24 h对胜利油菜的气味记忆明显高于对马尾油菜的气味记忆(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究证明意蜂较偏爱胜利油菜的花朵气味,花朵气味是影响其采集偏爱的重要因素,气味响应性试验可定量分析蜜蜂对花朵气味的嗅觉敏感性。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the odor preference and selection of two kinds of canola (Brassica napus cv.Shengli and B. juncea cv. Mawei) from Italian honey bee Apis mellifera ligustica Behavioral characteristics. 【Method】 In this study, we carried out field visiting floral preference test, outdoor group odor preference test and indoor “Y ” type olfactometer behavioral response and learning and memory test, And B. juncea were studied. The effects of two rapeseed flowers on learning and memory abilities of collected bee were analyzed by collecting bee training and training beak extension reaction rate. Finally, Selective of the smell of these two camellia flowers. 【Result】 The results showed that the number of Italian bees interviewed rape was significantly higher than that of the access rape (P <0.05) at 12: 00-13: 00. The population odor preference test 14: 00-15: 00 time span Italian bee access to the number of rape was significantly higher than access to the number of cauda equina (P <0.05). The result of behavioral response test showed that the number of selection rapeseed (3.86 ± 2.83) was significantly higher than that of rape (2.28 ± 1.87) (P <0.05). In the study and memory test, with the increase of training times, the response rate of bee on two kinds of rape flower odors gradually increased. With the same number of training, Italian bees had no significant difference in the learning ability of the two rapeseed odor (P > 0.05). After the training, the smell memory of Italian bee on the canola and the cauda equina decreased gradually with the increase of time, and the smell memory of the canola was obviously higher than that of the cauda equina (P <0.05 ). 【Conclusion】 This study shows that Italian bee prefer the flower smell and flower smell of Shengli rape to the collection preference. The odor response test can quantitatively analyze the smell sensitivity of the bees to flower smell.