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当前主栽的棉花品种需要更多的钾,盛花期和结铃期缺钾会对籽棉产量带来不利影响。本研究的目标是为生长在干旱瘠薄土地上的当前转基因棉花确定适当的钾肥施用量,评估分次施钾的影响,并量化额外的叶面施钾对籽棉产量及产量构成要素的贡献。在巴基斯坦的木尔坦中央棉花研究所进行了为期2年(2014~2015年)的田间试验。试验分成两部分:其中试验1中,全生育期有3个钾肥施用剂量(0,6.7 kg K_2O/亩和13.3 kg K_2O/亩)被均分成2次或4次施用,每次施用量为3.3 kg K_2O/亩(分成2次施用的于播种前和播种后45天施用;分成4次施用的于播种前和播种后30、45、60天施用)。试验2中,评估种植前施用0、6.7、13.3 kg K_2O/亩的钾肥,紧接着喷施4次叶面肥(2%K_2SO_4)对植株农艺性状和产量构成的影响。结果表明,重施钾肥是当前转基因棉花在贫瘠的干旱土壤上高产的先决条件,因为它保证了充分的植株生长和发育,籽棉产量也随之提高到较高水平。然而,仅施基肥不会实现棉花产量潜力。棉花生长中期分2~4次追施钾肥可显著提高籽棉产量。基施钾肥后,在棉花全生育期再叶面喷施4次2%K_2SO_4获得的产量最高,与不施肥处理相比,产量增加超过40%;与分次施用钾肥处理相比,产量增加了10%~15%。这些结果表明,与作物生长发育对钾素的动态需求相匹配的钾肥施用非常重要,尤其是当前转基因棉花品种上表现更明显。
At present, the main variety of cotton needs more potassium, and the full bloom and the period of potassium deficiency will bring adverse effects on seed cotton yield. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate potash application rates for current transgenic cotton grown on arid and infertile land, to assess the effects of split application of potassium and to quantify the contribution of additional foliar application of potassium to seed cotton yield and yield components. A two-year (2014-2015) field trial was conducted at Multan Central Cotton Research Institute in Pakistan. The experiment was divided into two parts: In Experiment 1, three potassium fertilizers (0, 6.7 kg K_2O / mu and 13.3 kg K_2O / mu) were divided into two or four applications during the whole growth period, and each application was 3.3 kg K_2O / mu (pre-sowing divided into two applications and 45 days post seeding; pre-planting divided into four applications and 30, 45, 60 days post seeding). In Experiment 2, the effects of 0, 6.7, 13, and 13.3 kg K_2O / mu potash application followed by foliar application of 4% foliar fertilizer (2% K_2SO_4) on plant agronomic traits and yield components before planting were evaluated. The results showed that the re-application of potassium fertilizer is a prerequisite for the high yield of transgenic cotton in barren arid soils as it ensures sufficient plant growth and development and the seed cotton yield is also increased to a higher level. However, base fertilizer alone will not achieve cotton yield potential. In the mid-cotton growth period, 2 to 4 times topdressing potash fertilizer can significantly increase the seed cotton yield. After basal application of potassium fertilizer, the yield of 2% K 2 SO 4 was the highest after 4 foliar sprays during the whole growth period of cotton, and the yield increased more than 40% compared with no fertilization treatment. Compared with the K application, the yield increased 10% ~ 15%. These results indicate that the application of potassium fertilizer that is compatible with the dynamic demand of potassium for crop growth and development is very important, especially in the current varieties of transgenic cotton.