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保护旅行者免受疟疾感染的关键在于增强旅行者对疟疾风险的认识、采取有效措施防止传疟媒介的叮咬、以及按规定服预防药。本文作者认为降低旅行者疟疾发病率的首要措施是个人防护以避免蚊虫叮咬。由于恶性疟对药物抗性的不断增加,没有任何一种药物或联合用药方案具有100%的效果。常用化学预防药如甲氟喹,强力霉素、氯喹和氯胍的副作用较轻。但除氯胍外,上述药物偶尔也会引起严重的副反应。乙胺嘧啶/磺胺多辛、阿莫地喹由于副作用大已不用于疟疾预防。由于疗效和毒性方面的原因,能作为旅行者自我治疗的药物均有其局限性,从而为安全有效地应用这些药物提供明确的指征增加困难。
The key to protecting travelers from malaria is to increase travelers’ awareness of the risks of malaria, to take effective measures to prevent the spread of malaria vectors and to prescribed preventive medicines. The authors believe that the primary measure to reduce the incidence of malaria in travelers is personal protection to avoid mosquito bites. Due to the increasing resistance of P. falciparum to drugs, none of the drugs or combination regimens have a 100% effect. Commonly used chemopreventive drugs such as mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine and proguanil have fewer side effects. However, in addition to chloroguanidine, the above mentioned drugs occasionally cause serious side effects. Pyrimethamine / sulfadoxine, amodiaquine has not been used for malaria prophylaxis because of its side effects. Because of efficacy and toxicity, there are limitations to therapies that travelers can self-treat, making it difficult to provide clear indications for the safe and effective use of these drugs.