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目的了解林芝市农田土壤中蛔虫卵污染状况,探讨蛔虫卵污染土壤的因素。方法按照《西藏自治区农村环境监测项目技术方案》,对林芝市巴宜区、工布江达县、米林县、波密县4个县(区)农村环境卫生进行监测。结果 2013—2015年每年采集土壤80份,共采集土壤240份,蛔虫卵检出率为37.50%,活蛔虫检出率为21.67%。其中2013和2014及2015年蛔虫卵检出率分别为32.60%、40.00%和38.75%;活蛔虫卵检出率分别为27.50%、32.75%和17.50%。年份之间农田土壤蛔虫卵检出率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.28,P>0.05),年份之间活蛔虫卵检出率比较,差异也无统计学意义(χ~2=2.41,P>0.05);2013—2015年土壤蛔虫检出率大于40%为巴宜区、波密县,其他两县均小于40%;经χ~2检验行政村环境卫生工作对土壤蛔虫检出有影响(P<0.05);土壤性质对蛔虫卵和活蛔虫卵检出无影响(P>0.05)。结论西藏林芝市农田土壤蛔虫卵污染状况严重,农牧民群众感染蛔虫危险性较高,应加大卫生经费投入,重点加强改厕、粪便无害化处理等,同时开展爱国卫生运动,降低人群感染蛔虫的机会,提高人民群众的身体健康。
Objective To understand the status of roundworm egg contamination in farmland soil in Nyingchi and to explore the factors affecting the roundworm eggs contaminated soil. Methods According to the Technical Scheme of Rural Environment Monitoring Project in Tibet Autonomous Region, the environmental hygiene of rural areas in Ba Yi District, Gongbujian Dajian County, Milin County and Bomi County was monitored. Results 80 soil samples were collected annually from 2013 to 2015, 240 soil samples were collected. The detection rate of ascaris eggs was 37.50%, and the detection rate of live roundworms was 21.67%. The detection rates of ascaris eggs in 2013, 2014 and 2015 were 32.60%, 40.00% and 38.75%, respectively. The detection rates of live ascaris eggs were 27.50%, 32.75% and 17.50%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of roundworm eggs in farmland between years (χ ~ 2 = 1.28, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of ascaris eggs between years (χ ~ 2 = 2.41, P> 0.05). In 2013-2015, the detection rate of soil roundworms was more than 40% in Baji and Bomi counties, less than 40% in other two counties. (P <0.05). The soil properties had no effect on ascaris eggs and live Ascaris eggs (P> 0.05). Conclusion Asiatic eggs are contaminated in farmland of Nyingchi, Tibet. There is a high risk of infection of roundworms by farmers and herdsmen. Health care expenditure should be increased with emphasis on lavatories and detoxification of decontamination. At the same time, patriotic public health campaigns should be conducted to reduce population The chance of infection of roundworms, improve people’s health.