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【目的】对苦瓜不同材料干种子进行辐射诱变,并利用分子标记对突变植株进行筛选,建立一套苦瓜种质创新和遗传改良的快速高效技术体系,为苦瓜遗传育种提供参考。【方法】以3个苦瓜资源MC1、MC42、MC52干种子为材料,利用60Co-γ射线进行不同辐射剂量(0、600、700、800、900、1200、1500 Gy)处理,调查其发芽率、出苗率、成苗率,以确定适宜辐射剂量;利用SRAP分子标记对诱变植株M2代突变单株进行筛选,并根据雌花率、农艺性状、抗病性等指标对雌性系连续多代进行田间定向选育,培育苦瓜雌性系。【结果】与对照(0 Gy)相比,经600~1500 Gy辐射处理后,不同苦瓜材料干种子的发芽率、出苗率及成苗率整体呈下降变化趋势;MC1、MC42和MC52干种子的半致死剂量分别为900、700和600 Gy,适宜苦瓜的辐射剂量为600~700 Gy,成苗率为确定辐照剂量的可靠敏感性测定指标。在M2代利用SRAP分子标记对18571个单株进行筛选,获得突变单株508株,其中纯雌单株116株,雌花率≥50%的强雌性单株162株;对获得的突变单株连续进行3代田间定向筛选,成功筛选获得8个综合性状优良的突变雌性系,其中MC1-M52株、MC42-M53株、MC52-M53株,均存在多个位点的DNA变异。【结论】选择适合剂量的60Co-γ射线进行辐射诱变,结合“直接PCR试剂盒+SRAP分子标记”对苦瓜M2代进行高通量突变单株筛选,并连续进行田间多代定向筛选,是创新苦瓜种质的高效便捷手段。
【Objective】 Mutant plants were screened by molecular markers to establish a set of rapid and efficient technical system for germplasm innovation and genetic improvement of bitter gourd and provide reference for genetic breeding of bitter gourd. 【Method】 Three kinds of bitter gourd resources, MC1, MC42 and MC52, were used as raw materials to treat 60Co-γ rays at different doses (0, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1200 and 1500 Gy) The rate of emergence and the rate of seedling emergence in order to determine the appropriate radiation dose. The mutants of M2 mutant were screened by SRAP molecular marker, and the female lines were continuously cultivated for several generations according to the female flower rate, agronomic traits and disease resistance index Directional breeding, bred female bitter melon. 【Result】 Compared with the control (0 Gy), the germination rate, germination rate and seedling emergence rate of dried seeds of different bitter gourd materials showed a decreasing trend after treated with 600 ~ 1500 Gy. The dry seeds of MC1, MC42 and MC52 The lethal dose was 900, 700 and 600 Gy, respectively. The suitable dose of bitter melon was 600 ~ 700 Gy. The rate of seedling formation was the reliable index to determine the radiation dose. In M2 generation, 18571 plants were screened by SRAP molecular marker, 508 strains of which were mutated, of which 116 were pure female and 162 were female with ≥50% female flower rate. The obtained mutant plants were continuous Three generations of field-oriented screening were conducted, and eight mutant female lines with excellent comprehensive characters were successfully screened. Among them, there were multiple DNA mutations in MC1-M52, MC42-M53 and MC52-M53. 【Conclusion】 The 60Co-γ ray of suitable dose was used for radiation mutagenesis, and the “Direct PCR Kit + SRAP Molecular Markers” was used to screen the M2 generation of Momordica charantia L. through high-throughput mutagenesis. , Is an efficient and convenient means to innovate bitter gourd germplasm.